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Founded: April 5, 1993

Founder: Jensen Huang and Chris Malachowsky

CEO: Jensen Huang (since April 5, 1993)

Headquarters: Santa Clara, California, United States

Stock ticker: NASDAQ: NVDA

Industry: Semiconductor and technology

Services

NVIDIA AI Enterprise: A full-stack software suite optimized for AI workloads, supporting training, inference, and data science.

NVIDIA NeMo: Framework for building, customizing, and deploying large language models (LLMs).

NVIDIA Riva: Speech AI SDK for building real-time voice assistants and speech recognition systems.

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server: Scalable serving of AI models from different frameworks.

DGX Cloud: On-demand access to supercomputing infrastructure for training LLMs and other models.

NVIDIA Omniverse Cloud: A platform-as-a-service for 3D collaboration and digital twins.

NVIDIA AI Foundry: Tools and infrastructure for building custom AI models, particularly foundation

NVIDIA NIM (NVIDIA Inference Microservices): Prebuilt inference APIs for fast deployment of AI models.

NVIDIA Jetson: Edge AI platform for robotics, smart cameras, and industrial IoT.

GeForce NOW: Cloud gaming service to stream PC games from NVIDIA's servers.

RTX Platform: Real-time ray tracing technology supported by GeForce and Quadro GPUs.

NVIDIA DLSS (Deep Learning Super Sampling): AI-powered image upscaling for smoother gaming.

NVIDIA Clara: AI and computing solutions for healthcare and life sciences (medical imaging, drug discovery).

NVIDIA Isaac: Robotics simulation and AI development platform.

NVIDIA DRIVE: Autonomous vehicle platform including hardware and software stack.

NVIDIA Metropolis: Intelligent video analytics for smart cities and spaces.

NVIDIA CUDA: Core parallel computing platform used in data centers for HPC and AI.

BlueField DPUs: For offloading, accelerating, and isolating data center infrastructure tasks.

NVIDIA Spectrum Networking: High-performance Ethernet networking solutions.

Founded: April 4, 1975

Founder: Bill Gates and Paul Allen

CEO: Satya Nadella (since 2014)

Headquarters: Redmond, Washington, USA

Stock ticker: MSFT (NASDAQ)

Industry: Technology / Software / Operating System

Services

Microsoft 365 / Office: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, etc.

Teams: Video conferencing and team collaboration.

LinkedIn: The world’s largest professional networking site.

Dynamics: ERP and CRM solutions for businesses.

Azure: Microsoft’s cloud computing platform, a key rival to Amazon AWS and Google Cloud.

GitHub: Popular developer platform acquired in 2018.

AI & Copilot: Integration of generative AI in productivity tools (e.g., Copilot in Word, Excel, Teams).

Windows: Operating systems for PCs (Windows 11 is the latest version).

Xbox: Gaming consoles and cloud gaming (Game Pass, Xbox Live).

Surface Devices: Laptops, tablets, and accessories.

Bing: Microsoft’s search engine (now integrated with AI via ChatGPT-like interfaces).

Browser: Microsoft Edge.

Founded: April 1, 1976,
Founder: Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne

CEO: Tim Cook (since 2011, succeeding Steve Jobs)

Headquarters: Apple Park, Cupertino, California

Stock ticker: NASDAQ: AAPL

Industry: Technology / Consumer Electronics

Services

iCloud: Cloud storage for backups, photos, files, and syncing across Apple devices.

Apple ID: Your universal login for all Apple services and devices.

iPad: Tablet computers.

App Store: Platform for downloading apps and games for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS.

Apple Music: Music streaming service with 100M+ songs, curated playlists, and offline listening.

Apple TV+: Original Apple-produced TV shows and movies.

Apple Arcade: Ad-free gaming service with 200+ exclusive games.

Apple News+: Access to magazines and newspapers like WSJ, The New Yorker, and more.

Apple Fitness+: Guided workouts, meditations, and health data integration with Apple Watch.

Apple One: Apple Music, TV+, Arcade, iCloud+ (with higher tiers adding News+ and Fitness+)

Apple Pay: Contactless payment system integrated with Wallet app.

Apple Business Essentials: Device management, iCloud storage, and support for small businesses.

AppleCare+: Extended warranty and accidental damage protection.

Apple School Manager: Tools for managing devices, apps, and accounts in schools.

Browser: Safari

Founded: July 5, 1994
Founder: Jeff Bezos

CEO: Andy Jassy (since July 5, 2021)

Headquarters: Seattle, Washington, United States

Stock ticker: NASDAQ: AMZN

Industry: e-commerce and cloud computing

Services

Amazon.com: Cloud storage for backups, photos, files, and syncing across Apple devices.

Amazon Prime: Subscription offering free shipping, Prime Video, Prime Music, exclusive deals, and more.

Amazon Fresh & Whole Foods: Grocery delivery and in-store shopping options.

Amazon Business: B2B marketplace for bulk purchasing and procurement.

Compute: EC2 (virtual servers), Lambda (serverless computing).

Storage: S3 (object storage), EBS (block storage), Glacier (archival).

Databases: RDS, DynamoDB, Aurora.

AI/ML: SageMaker (ML model development), Rekognition (image/video analysis), Comprehend (NLP).

Analytics: Redshift (data warehouse), Athena, QuickSight.

Amazon Appstore: App distribution for Android and Fire OS.

Amazon Advertising: Solutions for brands to advertise on Amazon and partner sites.

Amazon Pay: Payment service for third-party websites and services.

Mechanical Turk: Marketplace for crowdsourced human intelligence tasks.

Amazon Air & Prime Air: Cargo airline and drone delivery programs.

Founded: September 4, 1998
Founder: Larry Page, Sergey Brin

CEO: Sundar Pichai (since October 2, 2015)

Headquarters: Menlo Park, California, United States

Stock ticker: NASDAQ: GOOG

Industry: online advertising, search engine technology,
cloud computing, software, and hardware

Services

Google Search: (with new AI Mode for conversational/multimodal search).

Gmail: (now with AI-powered Smart Replies matching your tone).

Google Maps: (navigation, Street View, Immersive View).

Browser: Google Chrome

YouTube: (world’s #2 search engine + video streaming).

Google TV: (streaming/rental hub across platforms).

Google Workspace: Gmail, Docs, Drive, Sheets, Slides, Meet, Calendar.

Google Drive:cloud storage.

Google Meet: (video conferencing, real-time AI translation).

Google Classroom: Workspace for Education.

Android OS: (Android 16 rolled out, including AI features).

Wear OS: smartwatches updated to version 6.

Android XR: (mixed‑reality glasses headsets), plus partnerships with Samsung, Xreal, Warby Parker.

Google Pixel: (latest Pixel Drop includes AI stickers, battery improvements).

Google Cloud Platform: App Engine, Compute Engine, GKE, Cloud Functions, Cloud Run, BigQuery, Spanner, IoT Core, reCAPTCHA, Web Risk API, etc.

Google Play Games: (Android/PC gaming scaffold)

Google Pay: Digital wallet

Google Wallet: (stores digital IDs, IDs/driver’s licenses in supported regions).

Google One: subscription (extra storage/benefits)

Advertising & Analytics: Google Ads/AdWords, AdMob, DoubleClick, Analytics, Search Console.

Research & News: Google Scholar, Books, Patents, Trends, Finance, News.

Gemini: AI assistant (with Gemini Live, Flash, Pro, Deep Think).

Imagen 4: (image‑generation), Veo 3 (video‑generation), Flow (AI filmmaking).

Google Bard: conversational chatbot

Project Astra, Google Beam : (formerly Starline), immersive 3D video calls.

Founded: February 4, 2004
Founder: Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, Andrew McCollum, Chris Hughes

CEO: Mark Zuckerberg (since July 2004)

Headquarters: Menlo Park, California, United States

Stock ticker: NASDAQ: META

Industry: Social Media Services and Advertising

Services

Facebook: Social networking platform.

Instagram: Photo/video sharing platform.

WhatsApp: Encrypted messaging app.

Messenger: Instant messaging platform.

Threads: Text-based social app connected to Instagram.

Meta Quest: Virtual reality (VR) hardware and software.

Meta AI: Generative AI tools integrated into their products.

Advertising: Meta Ads manager and Meta audience network

Founded: 1933
Founder: not founded by a single individual

CEO: Amin H. Nasser (since September 2015)

Headquarters: Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

Stock ticker: TADAWUL: 2222

Industry:Oil and Gas company

Services

Upstream Services (Exploration & Production):
1. Geophysical and geological exploration
2. Drilling and well services
3. Reservoir management
4. Crude oil and natural gas production
5. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies
6. Offshore and onshore oil field services

Petrochemical production: (through SABIC and joint ventures)

Lubricant production: (e.g., via the Luberef subsidiary)

Fuels marketing and retail: (locally and through international ventures)

Bulk petroleum and chemical distributionbr
Pipeline infrastructure management

Trading & Marketing Services:
1. Crude oil, gas, and product trading
2. International marketing and logistics
3. Supply chain and inventory management
4. Shipping and tanker services (Aramco Trading and Vela International)

Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC):
1. Project management for mega energy projects
2. Engineering design and consulting
3. Construction and plant commissioning
4. Maintenance and reliability services

Research & Technology Development:
1. Advanced material research
2. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)
3. Hydrogen and renewable energy R&D
4. Artificial intelligence for energy systems
5. Energy efficiency optimization

Environmental & Sustainability Services:
1. Emission monitoring and reduction solutions
2. Waste and water management
3. Renewable energy integration
4. Circular carbon economy strategies

Training & Human Capital Development:
1. Technical training centers
2. Leadership and management programs
3. STEM education initiatives
4. Scholarship and internship programs

Founded: August 1991
Founder: Henry Nicholas and Henry Samueli

CEO: Hock E. Tan (since March 2006)

Headquarters: San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland

Stock ticker: NASDAQ: AVGO

Industry: semiconductor and infrastructure software industries

Services

Networking & Data Center: High-performance chips for data centers, Ethernet switches (e.g., Tomahawk 6, Bailly), broadband connectivity, and wireless LAN (Wi‑Fi) SoCs

VMware: VMware Cloud Foundation, Tanzu, NSX, VeloCloud, and security/app networking solutions.

Support services: from developer help to customer success programs.

Symantec Enterprise Security: Provides endpoint protection, anti‑malware, intrusion prevention, and firewall capabilities for enterprise environments

Broadcom Support Portal: Extensive documentation, downloads, knowledge bases, FAQs, training, virtual agent, advanced support tiers

Global Customer Success Programs: Dedicated support engineers, support account managers,
advanced support offerings tailored to enterprise needs

SaaS & Cloud-Based Offerings: SaaS delivery of CA and VMware tools (e.g., Cloud Management, subscription licensing) Transition from perpetual licenses to subscription-based model for VMware post-acquisition

Core strengths: Chip design (AI, networking), enterprise software (virtualization, cloud, security), and robust global support services.

Recent moves: Integration of VMware with cloud-native platforms; focus on subscriptions; aggressive cost restructuring and support consolidation.

Use cases: Ideal for large enterprises needing end-to-end infrastructure—from silicon to software—backed by strong global support.

Founded: February 21, 1987
Founder: Morris Chang

CEO: C. C. Wei (since November 12, 2013)

Headquarters: Hsinchu, Taiwan

Stock ticker: TPE: 2330

Industry: semiconductor and manufacturing company

Services

Wafer Fabrication: Leading-edge manufacturing (N3E, N2 nodes).

Advanced Packaging: Chiplet packaging, 3D ICs (CoWoS, InFO).

Mask-making, Testing & Assembly: (through subsidiaries or partners).

Founded: 1839
Founder: Oliver Chace

CEO: Warren Buffett (since 1970)

Headquarters: Austin, Texas, United States

Stock ticker: NASDAQ: TSLA

Industry: American multinational conglomerate and textile manufacturer company

Services

Insurance and Reinsurance:
1. Auto Insurance
2. Reinsurance for life and property/casualty.
3. Catastrophe and specialty reinsurance.
4. Commercial insurance lines.
5. Corporate liability, property, and casualty insurance.

Utilities and Energy:
1. Electric and natural gas utilities (e.g., PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy).
2. Renewable energy development (solar, wind).
3. Energy infrastructure including pipelines and transmission.

Manufacturing:
1. Precision Castparts – Aerospace and industrial components.
2. Marmon Group – Industrial components and transportation equipment.
3. Shaw Industries – Carpet and flooring.
4. Forest River – RVs and buses.
5. Duracell – Batteries.

Retail and Consumer Products:
1. See’s Candies.
2. Fruit of the Loom.
3. Brooks Sports.
4. Pampered Chef – Kitchenware.
5. Borsheims – Jewelry retail.

Transportation:
BNSF Railway – One of the largest freight railroads in North America.

Financial Services:
1. Berkshire Hathaway Finance Corp. – Debt issuance and investment vehicles.
2. Clayton Homes – Manufactured housing and related financing.
3. XTRA Lease – Trailer leasing.

Real Estate:
Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices – Residential real estate brokerage franchise network.